{"id":5255,"date":"2021-03-30T21:52:19","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T21:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/?page_id=5255"},"modified":"2024-04-22T11:39:36","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T11:39:36","slug":"pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/","title":{"rendered":"Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma"},"content":{"rendered":"\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1393235027\">\n\t\t<div class=\"bg section-bg fill bg-fill  bg-loaded\" >\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n\n  <div class=\"banner has-hover\" id=\"banner-1741666727\">\n          <div class=\"banner-inner fill\">\n        <div class=\"banner-bg fill\" >\n            <div class=\"bg fill bg-fill \"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"overlay\"><\/div>            \n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\n        <div class=\"banner-layers container\">\n            <div class=\"fill banner-link\"><\/div>            \n   <div id=\"text-box-1882016904\" class=\"text-box banner-layer x0 md-x0 lg-x0 y50 md-y50 lg-y50 res-text\">\n                                <div class=\"text-box-content text dark\">\n              \n              <div class=\"text-inner text-left\">\n                  \n\t<div id=\"text-2168543612\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n<h3>PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA<\/h3>\n<p>Pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors of the adrenal medulla and paraganglia.<\/p>\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-2168543612 {\n  color: rgb(255,255,255);\n}\n#text-2168543612 > * {\n  color: rgb(255,255,255);\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n              <\/div>\n           <\/div>\n                            \n<style>\n#text-box-1882016904 .text-box-content {\n  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);\n  font-size: 100%;\n}\n#text-box-1882016904 .text-inner {\n  padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;\n}\n#text-box-1882016904 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n    <\/div>\n \n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n            \n<style>\n#banner-1741666727 {\n  padding-top: 600px;\n}\n#banner-1741666727 .bg.bg-loaded {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma-1200x800.jpg);\n}\n#banner-1741666727 .overlay {\n  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1393235027 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1053845023\">\n\t\t<div class=\"bg section-bg fill bg-fill  bg-loaded\" >\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1978763099\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-2015646393\" class=\"col medium-3 small-12 large-3 col-divided\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-left\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu stack stack-col justify-start ux-menu--divider-solid\">\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tWhat is the pheochromocytoma and what is the paraganglioma?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai-ta-paragagglia\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tWhat are the Paraganglia?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#syxnothta\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tHow common are the pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ilikia-emfanisis\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tAt what age do pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma occur?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#aitia\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tWhat are the causes of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#einai-karkinos\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tAre these tumors cancer?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#symptwmata\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tWhat are the symptoms and signs of these tumors?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#diagnosi\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tHow are pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma diagnosed?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"ux-menu-link flex menu-item first-menu-item\">\n\t\t<a class=\"ux-menu-link__link flex\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#therapeia\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ux-menu-link__text\">\n\t\t\t\tHow are the pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma treated?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-916134859\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2 id=\"ti-einai\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">What is the pheochromocytoma and what is the paraganglioma?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-648136629\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-648136629 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>Pheochromocytoma is a rare, but potentially life-threatening, tumor of the adrenal medulla (in the inner layer of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/epinefridia\/\">adrenal gland)<\/a> producing increased amounts of catecholamines (the hormones of stress), while paragangliomas are tumors of the paraganglia.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-387933578\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-387933578 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"ti-einai-ta-paragagglia\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">What are the Paraganglia?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-1753169035\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1753169035 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p><em>Paraganglia<\/em> are called clusters of neuroendocrine cells (similar to adrenal medullary cells), which migrate during intrauterine life, in various parts of the body, from head to pelvis, carrying elements from either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. They constitute \u201cstations\u201d along the path of nerve signals between the brain and periphery, aiming at better coordination of the information. The adrenal medulla, in essence, is a large sympathetic paraganglion and so both pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas have a common origin and therefore share common characteristics.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-922383639\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-922383639 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"syxnothta\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">How common are the pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-947981646\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-947981646 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>The incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma together is about 0.8 per 100,000 people per year. However, autopsies series suggest that the actual number is higher between 1:6500 and 1:2500, as the majority of patients are diagnosed postmortem.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-858043007\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-858043007 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"ilikia-emfanisis\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">At what age do pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma occur?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-487543361\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-487543361 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>They can occur at any age, with peak age in the 5th-6th decade of life, but in the case of genetic syndromes, tumors appear much earlier.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1061481290\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1061481290 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"aitia\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">What are the causes of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-1890750879\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1890750879 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>These tumors are mostly sporadic, but 40% of them are inherited through genetic mutations.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-62136706\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-62136706 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"einai-karkinos\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Are these tumors cancer?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-1458030960\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1458030960 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>These tumors can be malignant at a rate of 10-17%.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-518345015\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-518345015 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"symptwmata\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">What are the symptoms and signs of these tumors?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-124913610\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-124913610 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>Pheochromocytoma is called \u201cthe great mimic\u201d as it can occur with the symptoms of any disease:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>61% of these tumors at autopsies occurred in patients who were known to have had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/endokrinikh-ypertash\/\">hypertension<\/a><\/li>\n<li>but 91% had the non-specific symptoms associated with pheochromocytoma \/paraganglioma<\/li>\n<li>In more than 1\/3 of patients, death precedes diagnosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Classical symptomatology includes paroxysms of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tachycardia<\/li>\n<li>Headache<\/li>\n<li>sweating and<\/li>\n<li>arterial hypertension<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Paroxysms can be triggered by a simple movement such as bending over, by eating foods containing tyramine, such as chocolate and bananas, and by taking certain drugs such as antidepressants, as well as by surgical manipulations during a surgery.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-788015093\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-788015093 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"diagnosi\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">How are pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma diagnosed?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n<p>The diagnosis of these tumors is made by measuring metanephrines, which are derivatives of the metabolism of catecholamines in the blood, and tumor-(s) and possible metastases are located by imaging scans, such as computed or magnetic resonance imaging, adrenal scintigraphy (I-MIBG), positron emission tomography (PET) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (octreoscan). Genetic testing excludes or confirms genetic familial disease.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1897174854\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1897174854 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"therapeia\" style=\"font-size: 20px;\">How are the pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma treated?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:30%;background-color:rgb(155, 0, 128);\"><\/div>\n\t<div id=\"gap-866326991\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-866326991 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>The treatment of choice is adrenalectomy, after pharmaceutical preparation (blockade) of the patient to avoid triggering a hypertensive crisis. In the case of relapses, metastases or paragangliomas that their removal endangers vital organs\/tissues, a combination of surgery, pharmacotherapy, radiation, chemotherapy, I-MIBG, transarterial chemoembolization can be used.<strong> Long-term follow-up<\/strong> of patients post-surgery is necessary, both to treat cardiovascular morbidity\/mortality, and to timely detect a possible metastatic disease.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/#ti-einai\" class=\"button secondary is-link is-xsmall lowercase\"  >\n    <span>Top<\/span>\n  <i class=\"icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1122928087\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1122928087 {\n  padding-top: 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1053845023 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":439,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and treatment by Dr. Maria Pavlatou |<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma by the experienced endocrinologist-diabetologist Dr. Maria Pavlatou.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pavlatou.gr\/en\/pheochromocytoma-and-paraganglioma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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