A feeling of constant fatigue, sudden weight gain or loss or disturbances in our mood and emotions are the main reasons that should lead us to a thyroid gland screening.
But what is the thyroid gland that we often hear about?
The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body with the basic function of regulating metabolism. However, it affects every organ, ensuring a multitude of functions, from normal brain development to energy consumption and heat production.
The thyroid gland is located in the middle of the neck, below the larynx, and microscopically consists of two types of cells with different functions and origins. Its name comes from its shape (thyreos in ancient greek or shield).
What are the diseases of the thyroid gland?
The most well-known thyroid gland conditions are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, which we will discuss below. Thyroiditis is also common, while thyroid cancer and thyroid growth abnormality are rarer forms of disease.
Hypothyroidism
In hypothyroidism, the thyroid produces less thyroid hormone than the body needs.
The causes of hypothyroidism may be acquired or congenital and may be due to the thyroid gland itself (primary) or its underactivity may be due to diseases in the brain, the thyroid control centre, hypothalamus and pituitary gland (secondary or central).
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland, resulting in the production of more thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) than the body needs. Hyperthyroidism is more common in women and smokers. Its prevalence is about 1.3%, and in older women it is as high as 4-5%.
The first and basic symptoms.
In hypothyroidism, symptoms usually develop slowly and depend on the severity of the lack of thyroid hormones. These are:
- Increased sensitivity to cold
- Constipation
- Dry skin
- Weight gain
- Depression
- Cycle disorders in women
- Fragile nails
- Memory and concentration abnormalities
- Increase in blood pressure
- Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre)
Hyperthyroidism can mimic various conditions as it manifests with a variety of symptoms and signs which are:
- Weight loss with increased food intake
- Rapid heartbeat
- Arrhythmia
- Nervousness, anxiety, emotional volatility
- Tremor
- Sweating
- Increased sensitivity to heat
- Diarrhoea
- Cycle disorders in women
- Goitre (swollen thyroid)
- Bulging of the eyes
- Diplopia
- Dry eyes, sensitivity to light (photophobia)
How is each case of the condition diagnosed?
In both cases it is necessary to examine the patient, take a history and perform tests. In the case of hypothyroidism, thyroid ultrasound may be required, while in the case of hyperthyroidism, specialized imaging tests are usually required to investigate the cause.
In case you may experience symptoms such as the above, you can contact our clinic to proceed with early diagnosis and accurate treatment to achieve the regulation and restoration of good body function.